Evaluation of dental status using a questionnaire before administration of general anesthesia for the prevention of dental injuries

Background@#Dental evaluation and protection are important for preventing traumatic dental injuries when patients are under general anesthesia. The objective of the present study was to develop a questionnaire based on dentition-related risk factors that could serve as a valuable tool for dental evaluation and documentation. @*Methods@#We developed a questionnaire for dental evaluation before administration of general anesthesia, investigated the association between patient-and-dentist responses and mouthguard fabrication, and assessed response agreement between 100 patients. @*Results@#Protective mouthguards were fabricated for 27 patients who were identified as having a high risk of dental injury. There was a strong association between dentists’ responses and mouthguard fabrication, depending on the general oral health status, use of ceramic prosthesis, presence of masticatory pain related to periodontal diseases, gingival edema, and implants (P < 0.05). Response agreement between patients and dentists for items related to dental pain, loss of dental pulp vitality, root canal therapy, dental trauma, aesthetic prosthesis, tooth mobility, and implant prosthesis was high (Cohen’s kappa coefficient κ ≥ 0.6). @*Conclusions@#A high agreement was observed between patient-dentist responses and a strong association with mouthguard fabrication for items pertaining to ceramic prosthesis, masticatory pain, and dental implants. Patients with a “yes” response to these items are recommended to undergo a dental evaluation and use a dental protective device while under general anesthesia.

First-Time Mothers’ Grit, Spousal Support, and Age, and Their Relationships with Nurturing Passion, Postpartum Depression, and Happiness

Purpose@#This study aimed to examine whether first-time mothers’ grit, spousal support, and age can make significant differences in latent means of child-rearing passion, postpartum depression, and happiness. @*Methods@#Data were collected from April 2 to July 16, 2019. Two hundred sixteen first-time mothers of infants and toddlers aged 0–2 years participated in a self-reported questionnaire study in which scales of nurturing passion, postpartum depression, happiness, grit, and spousal support were included. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS ver. 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses. In addition, Mplus (ver. 7.0) was used for the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model approach. @*Results@#The MIMIC model yielded an appropriate fit to the data (χ2=103.74, degrees of freedom=53, comparative fit index=0.96, root mean square error of approximation=0.07, standardized root mean square residual=0.05). The paths from grit and spousal support all had significantly positive beta coefficients (p<0.05) to child-rearing passion (β=0.3 and β=0.26, respectively) and happiness (β=0.22 and β=0.39, respectively), while the corresponding paths to postpartum depression were all negatively significant (β= -0.24 for both). These results suggest that unlike chronological maturity (i.e., age), grittier individuals with stronger spousal support display greater passion for child-rearing, as well as greater happiness. In a similar vein, they suffered less from postpartum depression. @*Conclusion@#These results imply that grit can be employed to enhance first-time mothers’ child-rearing passion and happiness as it can also concurrently offset the effects of a negative labor and child-birth experience on first-time mothers’ mental health, e.g., in terms of reducing postpartum depression.

First-Time Mothers’ Grit, Spousal Support, and Age, and Their Relationships with Nurturing Passion, Postpartum Depression, and Happiness

Purpose@#This study aimed to examine whether first-time mothers’ grit, spousal support, and age can make significant differences in latent means of child-rearing passion, postpartum depression, and happiness. @*Methods@#Data were collected from April 2 to July 16, 2019. Two hundred sixteen first-time mothers of infants and toddlers aged 0–2 years participated in a self-reported questionnaire study in which scales of nurturing passion, postpartum depression, happiness, grit, and spousal support were included. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS ver. 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses. In addition, Mplus (ver. 7.0) was used for the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model approach. @*Results@#The MIMIC model yielded an appropriate fit to the data (χ2=103.74, degrees of freedom=53, comparative fit index=0.96, root mean square error of approximation=0.07, standardized root mean square residual=0.05). The paths from grit and spousal support all had significantly positive beta coefficients (p<0.05) to child-rearing passion (β=0.3 and β=0.26, respectively) and happiness (β=0.22 and β=0.39, respectively), while the corresponding paths to postpartum depression were all negatively significant (β= -0.24 for both). These results suggest that unlike chronological maturity (i.e., age), grittier individuals with stronger spousal support display greater passion for child-rearing, as well as greater happiness. In a similar vein, they suffered less from postpartum depression. @*Conclusion@#These results imply that grit can be employed to enhance first-time mothers’ child-rearing passion and happiness as it can also concurrently offset the effects of a negative labor and child-birth experience on first-time mothers’ mental health, e.g., in terms of reducing postpartum depression.

Study on the Development of Training Programs for Standardized Patients of the Practical Examination Portion of the National Dental Licensing Examination

Purpose@#The practical examination portion of the National Dental Licensing Examination (NDLE) is slated to be administered in the latter half of 2021 in the form of a clinical performance examination that comprehensively evaluates the patient-dentist interaction using standardized patients (SPs). The SPs should be equipped with the basic qualities and capacity as evaluators for a fair and reliable administration of the test. @*Materials and Methods@#In this study, we analyzed the existing training materials for SPs who participated in domestic and overseas practical tests for the development of training materials for SPs through seminars and surveys of 11 dentistry schools and colleges.Result: First, SPs should be selected according to the basic quality criteria and capacity, which they must possess, and the preliminary basic training about the details which they must have knowledge of and be provided through videorecorded cases before the implementation of the preliminary field training. Second, the roles of SPs and the calibration process of the evaluation result forms are needed when conducting the preliminary field training for SPs. After watching video-recorded scenario cases, the SPs participate in discussions about the watched videos before proceeding to calibration practices of evaluation result forms. Third, because the Type A questionnaire of the practical examination of the NDLE is dependent on the SPs’ capacity and training, the fairness of the practical test is largely dependent on the SPs. Therefore, practicing the roles as evaluators and evaluation training should be provided using practical test items that can improve the reliability of the test and show a high level of reproducibility about the same case. @*Conclusion@#The findings of this study will be utilized for the development of training materials for SPs, so they can participate in the administration of a fair and reliable practical examination of the NDLE.

Study on the Development of Training Programs for Standardized Patients of the Practical Examination Portion of the National Dental Licensing Examination

Purpose@#The practical examination portion of the National Dental Licensing Examination (NDLE) is slated to be administered in the latter half of 2021 in the form of a clinical performance examination that comprehensively evaluates the patient-dentist interaction using standardized patients (SPs). The SPs should be equipped with the basic qualities and capacity as evaluators for a fair and reliable administration of the test. @*Materials and Methods@#In this study, we analyzed the existing training materials for SPs who participated in domestic and overseas practical tests for the development of training materials for SPs through seminars and surveys of 11 dentistry schools and colleges.Result: First, SPs should be selected according to the basic quality criteria and capacity, which they must possess, and the preliminary basic training about the details which they must have knowledge of and be provided through videorecorded cases before the implementation of the preliminary field training. Second, the roles of SPs and the calibration process of the evaluation result forms are needed when conducting the preliminary field training for SPs. After watching video-recorded scenario cases, the SPs participate in discussions about the watched videos before proceeding to calibration practices of evaluation result forms. Third, because the Type A questionnaire of the practical examination of the NDLE is dependent on the SPs’ capacity and training, the fairness of the practical test is largely dependent on the SPs. Therefore, practicing the roles as evaluators and evaluation training should be provided using practical test items that can improve the reliability of the test and show a high level of reproducibility about the same case. @*Conclusion@#The findings of this study will be utilized for the development of training materials for SPs, so they can participate in the administration of a fair and reliable practical examination of the NDLE.

Korean Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Child-Adolescent Depression: The Efficacy and Choice of Antidepressant / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this guideline was to suggest recommendations for appropriate use of antidepressants in the child-adolescent depression. The differences of efficacy among antidepressants were evaluated. METHODS: Four kinds of reliable guidelines for the treatments of child-adolescent depression had been selected, and evidences and recommendations were extracted by the executive committee under the peer review. All the process was applied to the Manual for Guideline Adaptation version 2.0 by National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. RESULTS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) could be considered for the treatments of moderate to severe child-adolescent depression. Among SSRIs, fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram were recommended as having antidepressant efficacy compared with placebo, while paroxetine, venlafaxine, and tricyclic antidepressant were not recommended owing to lack of evidence. Another recommendation was to use combined treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. CONCLUSION: This guideline, which was made through former and strict process of guideline adaptation, would contribute toward improving the quality of child-adolescent depression treatment by providing useful recommendations for the choice of antidepressant.